避雷器外形尺寸
  制造(zao)避(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)均按戶內(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)兩用條(tiao)件(jian)決定(ding)其(qi)瓷套絕緣(yuan)強度(du)，其(qi)外(wai)(wai)形尺寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)與閥(fa)片(pian)(pian)材料(liao)有(you)(you)(you)關。當其(qi)用于架空(kong)線路或(huo)戶外(wai)(wai)變配電(dian)設備時，因其(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)間(jian)距(ju)大(da)，避(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)外(wai)(wai)形尺寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)不(bu)會(hui)帶來(lai)不(bu)良影(ying)響。戶內(nei)(nei)手(shou)車(che)式開關柜(ju)因其(qi)體積(ji)尺寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，避(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)外(wai)(wai)形尺寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)大(da)時會(hui)帶來(lai)不(bu)良影(ying)響。碳化(hua)硅避(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)的(de)SiC閥(fa)片(pian)(pian)其(qi)單位通(tong)流容量僅為(wei)ZnO閥(fa)片(pian)(pian)的(de)1/4，在(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)通(tong)流能力（5kA）條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)，SiC閥(fa)片(pian)(pian)直徑較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)，避(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)外(wai)(wai)徑也大(da)；在(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)額定(ding)電(dian)壓和(he)殘壓條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)，碳化(hua)硅避(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)高度(du)比氧化(hua)鋅避(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)大(da)。尤以35kV級的(de)更(geng)為(wei)顯(xian)著(zhu)。如(ru)JYN1－35型(xing)手(shou)車(che)柜(ju)的(de)112方案，原(yuan)用FYZ1－35型(xing)無間(jian)隙氧化(hua)鋅避(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)，高僅650mm，裝(zhuang)在(zai)柜(ju)后部(bu)隔(ge)(ge)室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)簡易手(shou)車(che)上，上部(bu)有(you)(you)(you)隔(ge)(ge)離插(cha)頭，因該產(chan)品已停產(chan)，工程設計堅持改用FZ3－35型(xing)碳化(hua)硅避(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)，高1500mm，隔(ge)(ge)室(shi)(shi)(shi)高度(du)不(bu)夠，只得將母(mu)(mu)線室(shi)(shi)(shi)與隔(ge)(ge)室(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)隔(ge)(ge)板取消，避(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)直接與主母(mu)(mu)線相(xiang)(xiang)聯(lian)，這樣避(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)的(de)測試或(huo)更(geng)換需在(zai)整段(duan)主母(mu)(mu)線斷電(dian)下(xia)進行，運行維護困難，而(er)避(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)外(wai)(wai)徑較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)，相(xiang)(xiang)間(jian)空(kong)氣凈距(ju)不(bu)夠，加裝(zhuang)的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)間(jian)絕緣(yuan)隔(ge)(ge)板，有(you)(you)(you)老化(hua)受(shou)潮絕緣(yuan)事故隱患。氧化(hua)鋅避(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)外(wai)(wai)徑和(he)高度(du)相(xiang)(xiang)對較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，35kV級還可作成懸掛式，如(ru)Y5CZz－42/110L型(xing)串(chuan)聯(lian)間(jian)隙氧化(hua)鋅避(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)，高度(du)僅640mm。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)化(hua)避(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)更(geng)有(you)(you)(you)利于手(shou)車(che)柜(ju)內(nei)(nei)安裝(zhuang)使用。
  避雷器性能價(jia)格比

  無(wu)間(jian)隙氧化(hua)鋅避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的閥片(pian)(pian)運行中長(chang)期承受電(dian)網電(dian)壓(ya)，工作條件嚴(yan)酷，產(chan)品(pin)制(zhi)造時(shi)(shi)要對(dui)閥片(pian)(pian)嚴(yan)格(ge)測(ce)試篩選(xuan)，合(he)格(ge)率低(di)(di)成本高(gao)，故價(jia)格(ge)也(ye)高(gao)；因(yin)它有(you)暫態過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)承受能力差的致(zhi)命弱點(dian)，不(bu)適于在我國3～35kV電(dian)網中推廣使用。串聯間(jian)隙氧化(hua)鋅避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)因(yin)有(you)間(jian)隙，大大改善閥片(pian)(pian)長(chang)期工作條件，產(chan)品(pin)制(zhi)造時(shi)(shi)對(dui)閥片(pian)(pian)測(ce)試篩選(xuan)要求(qiu)相(xiang)對(dui)低(di)(di)些(xie)，合(he)格(ge)率高(gao)成本低(di)(di)，價(jia)格(ge)也(ye)就便宜，串聯間(jian)隙氧化(hua)鋅避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)價(jia)格(ge)比(bi)無(wu)間(jian)隙氧化(hua)鋅避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)普遍便宜，有(you)時(shi)(shi)也(ye)比(bi)碳化(hua)硅避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（如3～10kV的FZ型(xing)）便宜，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)它對(dui)其它防雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件都有(you)揚長(chang)避(bi)短(duan)作用，實為當代(dai)防雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，具有(you)高(gao)的性能價(jia)格(ge)比(bi)，是避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)更新換代(dai)的普及和推廣產(chan)品(pin)。

  避雷器使用壽命問題
  避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)器使用壽命(ming)與(yu)許多因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素有關(guan)，除制(zhi)造質(zhi)量，密封失效(xiao)受(shou)潮及其它外界因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素外，避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)器閥(fa)片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)老(lao)化(hua)(hua)速(su)度(du)是影響壽命(ming)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素。碳(tan)化(hua)(hua)硅避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)器因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)其動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)和負(fu)載重，續流大(da)，動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)特性穩定差，可(ke)能遭(zao)受(shou)暫態(tai)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)危(wei)害(hai)等(deng)原因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，加速(su)閥(fa)片(pian)(pian)老(lao)化(hua)(hua)，壽命(ming)不長(chang)，一般7～10年，甚致有僅(jin)3～5年的(de)(de)。無間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)氧化(hua)(hua)鋅(xin)避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)器的(de)(de)閥(fa)片(pian)(pian)長(chang)期承受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)條(tiao)件(jian)嚴(yan)酷，拐點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低(di)，動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)頻度(du)大(da)，還可(ke)能遭(zao)受(shou)暫態(tai)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)危(wei)害(hai)，溫(wen)度(du)熱損傷等(deng)原因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，迅速(su)加快(kuai)閥(fa)片(pian)(pian)老(lao)化(hua)(hua)，壽命(ming)較短，有的(de)(de)比碳(tan)化(hua)(hua)硅避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)器還短。串聯(lian)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)氧化(hua)(hua)鋅(xin)避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)器的(de)(de)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)可(ke)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)閥(fa)片(pian)(pian)只在過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)保(bao)護動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)過(guo)程(cheng)承受(shou)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，時間(jian)(jian)極短（100μs內(nei)），在其它情況下閥(fa)片(pian)(pian)對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，或(huo)處于(yu)隔離狀態(tai)（純(chun)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)時），或(huo)處于(yu)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位狀態(tai)（復合間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)分壓(ya)(ya)），大(da)大(da)改善閥(fa)片(pian)(pian)長(chang)期工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)條(tiao)件(jian)，還可(ke)免受(shou)暫態(tai)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)危(wei)害(hai)和溫(wen)度(du)熱損傷，保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)閥(fa)片(pian)(pian)溫(wen)度(du)不超過(guo)55℃，從而(er)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)器壽命(ming)達20年以上。

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